Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood. Insulin resistance can lead to prediabetes, characterized by slightly elevated blood sugar levels, and eventually Type 2 diabetes, where chronic high blood sugar and insufficient insulin production occur.

Common symptoms include fatigue, increased hunger, difficulty losing weight, frequent urination, excessive thirst and both high blood pressure and cholesterol. Tests to diagnose insulin resistance or Type 2 diabetes typically involve measuring fasting blood sugar and Hemoglobin A1c, which reflects blood sugar levels over the past three months. These tests help determine whether a blood sugar issue exists and guide appropriate treatment.

In response to insulin resistance, the pancreas produces more insulin, but over time, the body may struggle to keep blood sugar levels in check. This can lead to elevated blood sugar, a hallmark of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is also linked to metabolic syndrome, weight gain, chronic inflammation, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, blindness and amputations.

Metformin, a first-line prescription drug for Type 2 diabetes, lowers blood sugar by reducing liver sugar production, decreasing intestinal sugar absorption, and activating AMPK, an enzyme that regulates energy balance. Side effects can include gastrointestinal discomfort, such as diarrhea and nausea, and it may affect thyroid function in some individuals.

GLP-1 medications mimic the action of the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1. Used to treat Type 2 diabetes and obesity, they stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, delay gastric emptying, and improve insulin sensitivity. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, reduced appetite, injection site reactions and, in rare cases, pancreatitis. Many insurance companies do not cover these drugs for weight loss, and their cost can range from $800 to $1,100 per month.

Berberine and Dihydroberberine are two natural supplements that have shown promise in managing insulin resistance and stabilizing blood sugar. Berberine, found in over 500 plants, enhances insulin sensitivity, regulates glucose metabolism, and supports heart health. It works by improving insulin effectiveness, increasing glycolysis, slowing carbohydrate breakdown, and promoting beneficial gut bacteria. Its side effects are generally mild and include digestive discomfort.

Dihydroberberine (DHB), the active metabolite of Berberine, is five times more bioavailable, offering better absorption and fewer gastrointestinal side effects, especially when combined with sunflower lecithin. DHB improves insulin sensitivity, reduces blood lipids, boosts adiponectin (a protein that enhances glucose uptake) and activates AMPK. It’s more potent than Berberine and can be an effective alternative for managing insulin resistance, blood sugar and weight loss.

Fasting blood sugar and A1c should be checked by a doctor before the decision to pursue any therapeutic options is made. Early intervention is crucial in managing insulin resistance before it requires prescription medication. Prescription diabetes medications should not be stopped or ever replaced without medical advice.